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In Windows Server 2012 R2, the volume type that provides fault tolerance by maintaining a copy of data is the mirrored volume. A mirrored volume duplicates the data on two separate disks, ensuring that if one disk fails, the data remains accessible from the other disk. This redundancy protects against data loss and enhances the reliability of the storage system.

Mirrored volumes are particularly useful in environments where data accessibility is critical, as they allow for continuous operation even in the event of hardware failure. By maintaining an exact copy of the data, mirrored volumes allow for seamless recovery processes and minimize downtime.

The other options do not provide the same level of fault tolerance: simple volumes do not have redundancy, striped volumes enhance performance through data distribution across disks but do not include redundancy, and dynamic is a type of disk that allows for more complex volume types, but it does not inherently provide fault tolerance unless combined with specific volume types like mirrored or RAID configurations.