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To prevent a specific user from accessing a shared folder in Windows Server 2012, modifying the NTFS and share permissions is the appropriate method. This approach allows you to finely control access to the shared resource based on user or group permissions.

When you adjust NTFS permissions, you can specify what actions users can take on a file or folder, such as reading, writing, or executing. Share permissions complement this by controlling access to the shared folder over the network. By modifying these permissions specifically for the user in question, you can effectively restrict or deny their access.

Other options, while impactful in certain scenarios, do not directly target access control for a shared folder. Removing a user from Active Directory eliminates their account entirely, which is not a practical solution if you still want them to have access to other resources. Disabling a user's account also limits all access they might need to the server, not just the shared folder. Changing the folder's location does not inherently control user access; without adjusting permissions, the user might still have access to the new location if they have the necessary rights. Therefore, adjusting NTFS and share permissions is the most efficient and precise method to limit a user's access to a specific shared folder.